STANDING HEIGHT (STATURE) MEASUREMENT
The
measurement of height is a standard component of most fitness assessments.
Height (or lack of height) is an important attribute for many sports.
Equipment
required: Stadiometer (or steel ruler or tape
measure placed against a wall)
Procedure:
Standing
height is the measurement the maximum distance from the floor to the highest
point of the head, when the subject is facing directly ahead. Shoes should be
off, feet together, and arms by the sides. Heels, buttocks and upper back
should also be in contact with the wall when the measurement is made.
Reliability:
Height
measurement can vary throughout the day, usually being higher in the morning,
so to ensure reliability height should be measured at the same time of day.
SITTING HEIGHT
Sometimes
sitting height measurement is conducted in addition to the standing height.
Sitting height gives a measure of the length of the trunk. It is a measurement
of the distance from the highest point on the head to the base sitting surface.
Procedure:
The
subject sits with both feet on the floor, the lower back and shoulders against
the wall, looking straight ahead. Distance can be measured from the floor, and
the height of the box measured and subtracted from the total distance.
Equipment required: Stadiometer
or ruler placed against a wall, box or chair.
Reliability: Height measurement
can vary throughout the day, being higher in the morning, so should be measured at a consistent time of day.
CIRCUMFERENCE MEASURES
Girths
are circumference measures at standard anatomical sites around the body,
measured with a tape measure. Girth measurements can be used in determining
body size and composition, and to monitor changes in these parameters.
Equipment
required: flexible metal and pen for marking the skin. If a plastic or
cloth tape is used, it should be checked regularly against a metal tape as
others may stretch over time. The Myo Tape is useful for the self-assessment of
girth measurement.
Pre-test:
Explain
the test procedures to the subject. Prepare forms and record basic information
such as age, height, body weight, gender. See more details of pre-test
procedures.
Procedure:
First
mark the sites to be measured. When recording, you need to make sure the tape
is not too tight or too loose, is lying flat on the skin, and is horizontal.
For descriptions of the procedure for measuring specific girths see the list
below.
11. Forearm Girth
Girths
are circumference measures at standard anatomical sites around the body.
Aim:
To
measure the circumference of the forearm, as a measure of the underlying
musculature and adipose tissue. Girth measurements combined with skinfold
measurements can give a clearer picture of changes in tissue composition and
distribution of muscle and fat.
Equipment required:
Flexible
metal tape measure and pen suitable for marking the skin. If a plastic or cloth
tape is used, it should be checked regularly against a metal tape as they may
stretch over time.
Pre-test:
Explain
the test procedures to the subject. Prepare forms and record basic information
such as age, height, body weight, gender. See more details of pre-test
procedures.
Procedure:
This
girth measurement is usually taken on the right side of the body. The subject
holds the arm out with the palm facing upwards. The measurement is taken along
the forearm at the point of the largest circumference. The maximal girth is not
always obvious, and the tape may need to be moved up and down along the forearm
to find the point of maximum circumference, which will usually be found closer
to the elbow. When recording, you need to make sure the tape is not too tight
or too loose and is lying flat on the skin.
Reliability:
Factors
that may affect reliability include changes to the testing personnel, constant
and even tension on the tape, and correct landmarking (finding the correct anatomical
site for measurement).
Girths
are circumference measures at standard anatomical sites around the body.
Aim:
To
measure the circumference of the forearm, as a measure of the underlying
musculature and adipose tissue. Girth measurements combined with skinfold
measurements can give a clearer picture of changes in tissue composition and
distribution of muscle and fat.
Equipment required:
Flexible
metal tape measure and pen suitable for marking the skin. If a plastic or cloth
tape is used, it should be checked regularly against a metal tape as they may
stretch over time.
Pre-test:
Explain
the test procedures to the subject. Prepare forms and record basic information
such as age, height, body weight, gender. See more details of pre-test
procedures.
Procedure:
This
girth measurement is usually taken on the right side of the body. The arm is
raised to a horizontal position in the sagittal (forward) plane, with the elbow
at about 45 degrees. The subject maximally contracts the biceps muscle, and the
largest circumference is measured. When recording, you need to make sure the
tape is not too tight or too loose, is lying flat on the skin, and is kept
vertical. The maximal girth is not always obvious, and the tape may need to be
moved along to find the point of maximum circumference.
Reliability:
Factors
that may affect reliability include changes to the testing personnel, constant
and even tension on the tape, and correct landmarking (finding the correct
anatomical site for measurement).
Girths are circumference measures at standard anatomical sites around the body.
Aim:
To
measure the circumference of the arm, as a measure of the underlying
musculature and adipose tissue. Girth measurements combined with skinfold
measurements can give a clearer picture of changes in tissue composition and
distribution of muscle and fat.
Equipment required:
Flexible metal tape measure and pen suitable for marking the
skin. If a plastic or cloth tape is used, it should be checked regularly
against a metal tape as they may stretch over time.
Pre-test:
Explain
the test procedures to the subject. Prepare forms and record basic information
such as age, height, body weight, gender. See more details of pre-test
procedures.
Procedure:
First
mark the site to be measured. This girth measurement is usually taken on the
right side of the body. The arm is relaxed and hanging by the side, and the
circumference is taken at the level of the mid- point between the acromion
(boney point of shoulder) and the olecranon (boney point of elbow) processes.
When recording, you need to make sure the tape is not too tight or too loose,
is lying flat on the skin, and is horizontal.
Factors
that may affect reliability include changes to the testing personnel, constant
and even tension on the tape, and correct landmarking (finding the correct
anatomical site for measurement).
14.
Waist or Abdominal
Girth
Girths
are circumference measures at standard anatomical sites around the body.
Aim:
The
purpose of determining waist girth is to gain a measure of the amount of
abdominal fat (visceral fat), which has been linked to increased risk of
coronary heart disease and diabetes.
Equipment required:
Flexible metal tape measure and pen for marking the skin. If
a plastic or cloth tape is used, it should be checked regularly against a metal
tape as others may stretch over time.
Pre-test:
Explain
the test procedures to the subject. Prepare forms and record basic information
such as age, height, body weight, gender. See more details of pre-test procedures.
Procedure:
The waist
measurement is taken at the narrowest waist level, or if this is not apparent,
at the midpoint between the lowest rib and the top of the hip bone (iliac
crest). If you are unsure if this measurement was taken at the narrowest level,
take several measurements at different levels and take the lowest measurement.
Some procedures measure abdominal circumference at the level of the umbilicus (bellybutton),
such as for the Navy PRT. The waist circumference should be measured at the end
of a normal expiration, as movement of the diaphragm may change the abdominal
volume. The subjects should also be encouraged to have a relaxed posture, and
changes in the tension of the abdominal muscles can also affect the
measurement. When recording, you need to make sure the tape is not too tight or
too loose, is lying flat on the skin, and is horizontal.
Scoring:
See the
table below for ratings.
|
|
MEN |
WOMEN |
||
|
Risk |
cm |
Inches |
Cm |
Inches |
|
Very
High |
>
120 |
>
47 |
>
110 |
>
43.5 |
|
High |
100
- 120 |
39.5
– 47 |
90
– 109 |
35.5
– 43 |
|
Low |
80
- 99 |
31.5
– 39 |
70
– 89 |
28.5
– 35 |
|
Very
Low |
<
80 |
<
31.5 |
<
70 |
<
28.5 |
1
55. Side Hip Girth
Girths
are circumference measures at standard anatomical sites around the body.
Aim:
To measure the circumference of the hip area, as a measure
of the underlying hip structure, musculature, and adipose tissue. When combined
with the measure of abdominal girth in the Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR), has been
shown to be related to the risk of coronary heart disease.
Equipment required:
Flexible metal tape measure and pen suitable for marking the
skin. If a plastic or cloth tape is used, it should be checked regularly
against a metal tape as they may stretch over time.
Pre-test:
Explain
the test procedures to the subject. Prepare forms and record basic information
such as age, height, body weight, gender. See more details of pre-test procedures.
Procedure:
The hip
girth measurement is taken over minimal clothing, at the level of the greatest
protrusion of the gluteal (buttock) muscles. The subject stands erect with
their weight evenly distributed on both feet and legs slightly parted, making
sure not tense the gluteal muscles. When recording, you need to make sure the
tape is not too tight or too loose, is lying flat and is horizontal. It may
help to have the subject stand on a box to make the measurement easier.
Reliability:
Factors
that may affect reliability include changes to the testing personnel, constant
and even tension on the tape, and correct landmarking (finding the correct
anatomical site for measurement).
16. Upper or Gluteal
Thigh Girth
Girths are circumference
measures at standard anatomical sites around the body.
Aim:
To
measure the circumference of the upper thigh, as a measure of the underlying
musculature and adipose tissue. Girth measurements combined with skinfold
measurements can give a clearer picture of changes in tissue composition and
distribution of muscle and fat.
Equipment required:
Flexible
metal tape measure and pen suitable for marking the skin. If a plastic or cloth
tape is used, it should be checked regularly against a metal tape as they may
stretch over time.
Pre-test:
Explain
the test procedures to the subject. Prepare forms and record basic information
such as age, height, body weight, gender. See more details of pre-test
procedures.
Procedure:
This
girth measurement is usually taken on the right side of the body. The subject
stands erect with their weight evenly distributed on both feet and legs
slightly parted. The circumference measure is taken 1 cm below the gluteal line
or fold (buttock crease) with the tape held horizontal. When recording, you
need to make sure the tape is not too tight or too loose and is lying flat on
the skin.
Reliability:
Factors
that may affect reliability include changes to the testing personnel, constant
and even tension on the tape, and correct landmarking (finding the correct
anatomical site for measurement).
17. Mid-Thigh Girth
Girths
are circumference measures at standard anatomical sites around the body. The
Mid-Thigh Girth measurement is a circumference measure around the middle of the
thigh. See the list of girth measurement locations.
Aim:
To
measure the circumference of the thigh, as a measure of the underlying
musculature and adipose tissue. Girth measurements combined with skinfold
measurements can give a clearer picture of changes in tissue composition and
distribution of muscle and fat.
Equipment required:
Flexible
metal tape measure and pen suitable for marking the skin. If a plastic or cloth
tape is used, it should be checked regularly against a metal tape as they may
stretch over time.
Pre-test:
Explain
the test procedures to the subject. Prepare forms and record basic
anthropometric information such as age, height, body weight, gender. See more
details of pre-test procedures.
Procedure:
First
mark the site to be measured. This girth measurement is usually taken on the
right side of the body. The subject stands erect with their weight evenly
distributed on both feet and legs slightly parted. The circumference measure is
taken at the level of the mid-point on the lateral (outer side) surface of the
thigh, midway between the trochanter ion (top of the thigh bone, femur) and
tibialelaterale (top of the tibia bone). When recording, you need to make sure
the tape is not too tight or too loose, is lying flat on the skin, and the tape
held horizontal.
Reliability:
Factors
that may affect reliability include changes to the testing personnel, constant
and even tension on the tape, and correct landmarking (finding the correct
anatomical site for measurement).
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